Hematopathology consultation, peripheral smear labcorp. As basic as it is, pbf is invaluable in the characterization of various. Review of the smear is an important adjunct to other clinical data. Interpretation of the full blood count red blood cells constituents of the red cell count haemoglobin hb. May 01, 2015 peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view. Automated machines that deliver increasingly sophisticated data about blood counts and morphology tend to generalize and include a wide array of morphologic abnormalities. This has motivated researchers to develop different algorithms and methods to automate peripheral blood smear image analysis. Complete blood cell count and peripheral blood film, its. Scan the edges and center of the slide to be sure there are no clumps of rbcs, wbcs, or platelets. Diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests versus blood. The peripheral blood film pbf is a laboratory workup that involves cytology of peripheral blood cells smeared on a slide. Assessment of platelet numbers and morphology in the peripheral blood smear.
Complete blood count cbc interpretation limitations. The examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important basic hematological procedure. Although advances in automated technology have made the examination of a peripheral blood smear by a physician seem less important, the technology is not a completely satisfactory replacement for a blood smear interpretation by a trained medical professional who also knows the patient. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. An atlas of instructive blood smears is included as a set of slides. Atlas of hematology and analysis of peripheral blood smears.
The best place to examine blood cell morphology is the. Introduction in patient care, diagnostic formulations rest on a tripod consisting of clinical history, physical examination and laboratory investigations. Jun 12, 2016 making the peripheral blood smear although some automated analyzers prepare and stain blood smears according to established criteria, manual blood smear preparation is still used in many places. How to prepare and interpret peripheral blood smears. Although advances in automated technology have made the examination of a peripheral blood smear by a physician seem less important, the technology is not a completely satisfactory replacement for a blood smear interpretation by a. The wedge smear the cover glass smear the spun smear the are two additional types of blood smear used for specific purposes buffy coat smear thick blood smears for blood parasites 10. Peripheral blood films are traditionally stained using romanowsky type differential stains. The peripheral blood film remains a very useful tool in hematological assessment. The manual examination of these images is tedious, timeconsuming and suffers from interobserver variation. Detecting disease states or syndromes of the white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelet cell lines of a patients peripheral blood pintp overview. Determine the overall staining quality of the blood smear.
Automated machines that deliver increasingly sophisticated data about blood counts and morphology tend to generalize and include a. Peripheral blood smear procedure and interpretation. The white blood cells are decreased in number and consist mostly of blasts 41% as reported on the differential. The peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. Teaching the clinical interpretation of peripheral blood smears to a. Tutor is feasible to implement, and it helps students learn to interpret peripheral blood smears.
Nevertheless, the blood smear remains a crucial diagnostic aid. A variety of methods are available for preparing and staining blood smears, the most common of which are discussed in this atlas. Interpretation of the peripheral blood film sciencedirect. It is then treated with a special stain and studied under a microscope to examine the blood cells. Chapter e17 atlas of hematology and analysis of peripheral. Reference values describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. Be careful not to interpret rbcs along the feathered edge as spherocytes. Red blood cells, which carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. It involves multiple disciplines, including pathology, physiology, internal medicine, pediatrics, and laboratory medicine.
The red cells are decreased in number and are normochromic and macrocytic. Stained peripheral blood smear is examined carefully using 40 x to 100 x objective usually oil immersion lens 2. Peripheral blood smear, preparation, examination, interpretation, reporting, blood cells morphology. Interpreting peripheral blood smears harrisons principles of. The examination and interpretation of peripheral blood smears is an important component of clinical pathology. Peripheral blood smear test about, preparation, test. Peripheral blood smear pbs interpretation is a useful skill for haematologyoncology clinicians hoc. Hematologyoutlines hematology is the study of blood, blood forming hematopoietic organs, and neoplasticnonneoplastic blood disorders. Hb is the protein which carries oxygen in the blood and, hence, is the most important value to look at. Determine if there is a good distribution of the cells on the smear. For a blood smear test, a laboratory professional examines the slide under a microscope and looks at the size, shape, and number of different types of blood cells. Pathologist interpretation of the peripheral blood smear can provide important data to allow rapid diagnosis and guide additional testing. Preparation of smear there are three types of blood smears.
Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination clinical. Pdf analyzing microscopic images of peripheral blood smear. Oct 18, 2016 preparation of smear there are three types of blood smears. The wedge smear is a convenient and commonly used technique for making peripheral blood smears. Moderate anisopoikilocytosis occasional oval macrocytes, dacrocytes, and elliptoid cells is seen. It is useful to ask the laboratory to generate a wrightsstained peripheral blood smear and examine it.
A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a thin layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide. Any inclusion bodies eg, howelljolly bodies or malarial parasites will also be noted. Jul 15, 2019 a peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. A blood smear reveals information about the number and shape of blood cells in the body. The examination of a peripheral blood smear is one of the most informative exercises a physician can perform. Peripheral blood smear test purpose, procedure, results. A blood smear test is performed by first obtaining a 5 ml blood sample from the patient. The examination of a peripheral blood smear is one of the most informative. With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters can be obtained within a few minutes. Peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view.
An accurate peripheral blood smear report can elucidate a vast spectrum of hematologic disorders, guide further testing, and have a critical impact on patient care. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination oncohema key. Many hematological diagnoses depend upon this procedure and often a definitive diagnosis can be established from the careful examination of the blood film. Peripheral blood film or peripheral blood smear or peripheral smear examination forms an important and basic lab investigation for diagnosing a number of hematological blood disorders. It remains a frontline diagnostic in unraveling mysteries behind cryptic symptoms and signs in primary and secondary haemopathies. Peripheral blood smear test is ordered as part of a general health exam to help diagnose many illnesses it helps diagnose if red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are normal in appearance and number. The rdt had superior performance than the standard giemsa thick blood smear p. Atlas of canine and feline peripheral blood smears. A properly prepared blood smear is essential to accurate assessment of cellular morphology.
The dense body of the smear takes up most of the slide and there is a thin counting area which blends with the feathered edge and the dense body. Peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory. The rdts sensitivity for all malaria was 97% 92 of 95 samples, compared with 85% 81 of 95 for the blood smear, and the rdt had a superior npv of 99. Peripheral blood smear examination linkedin slideshare. A phlebotomist, a person specifically trained to draw blood, first cleans and sterilizes the injection site with an antiseptic. An expert examination of the blood smear can identify errors, establish a diagnosis, or lead to a useful fortuitous finding. The smear is stained with wrights stain and performed after the complete blood count is run. The drop should be in the center line of the glass slide. Hematologyoutlines atlas multiple choice quiz peripheral.
A synoptic reporting system for peripheral blood smear. Part 2 examination of peripheral blood smear youtube. The patient should be educated about the procedure before taking a sample from their vein, or, less often. To explore practice patterns of pbs utilization for all benign haematology diagnosis in a nonsimulated environment and. Second, appearance of the organism in peripheral blood, especially in cats, can be. A peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. The bedside interpretation of diagnostic peritoneal. An illustrated guide to the morphology of blood cells, atlas of canine and feline peripheral blood smears covers patient assessment for common hematologic disorders and diseases in dogs and cats. Complete blood cell count and peripheral blood film can be truly diagnostic for a disease condition. A blood smear is a sample of blood thats tested on a specially treated slide. The classic blood smear has a thumb print appearance. A peripheral blood film will provide information on the following.
Examination of a stained peripheral smear is an integral part of laboratory evaluation of patients. Blood platelets, erythrocyte, leukocyte, peripheral blood abstract introduction. Differential leukocyte countspecial smear evaluation is helpful in revealing the changes in morphology or proportion of each cell type in the peripheral blood. Jun 08, 2018 the peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. The results of the study suggest that peripheralblood. Synoptic reporting system for peripheral blood smear. Making the peripheral blood smear although some automated analyzers prepare and stain blood smears according to established criteria, manual blood smear preparation is still used in many places. Serum protein electrophoresis is used to identify patients with multiple myeloma and other serum protein disorders. The white blood cells are decreased in number and consist mostly of. Mar 28, 2014 peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory.
Interpreting peripheral blood smears harrisons principles. The test request form must be completed with patient history, including pertinent clinical information and physicians name and telephone number. Staining of pbf and notes interpretation of normal. Hematologyoutlines hematology is the study of blood, bloodforming hematopoietic organs, and neoplasticnonneoplastic blood disorders.